Phenols are aromatic organic compounds. This chemical, known also as carbolic acid with molecular formula C6H5OH, is an important precursor to many materials and useful compounds, which makes it a key commodity. Some examples include plastics (polycarbonates, epoxies, nylon), herbicides, detergents, and pharmaceutical drugs. The global phenol market is estimated to grow to $32 billion by 2025.
Phenol was first discovered in 1834 after it was extracted from coal tar, and first purified in 1841. One early notable use was as an antiseptic during surgery by Dr. Joseph Lister at a time when the medical community criticized and mocked the concept.
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